|
USS ''Indianapolis'' (CL/CA-35) was a of the United States Navy. She was named for the city of Indianapolis, Indiana. She was flagship for Admiral Raymond Spruance while he commanded the Fifth Fleet in battles across the Central Pacific. Her sinking led to the greatest single loss of life at sea in the history of the U.S. Navy. On 30 July 1945, after delivering parts for the first atomic bomb to the United States air base at Tinian, the ship was torpedoed by the Imperial Japanese Navy submarine , sinking in 12 minutes. Of 1,196 crewmen aboard, approximately 300 went down with the ship. The remaining 900 faced exposure, dehydration, saltwater poisoning, and shark attacks while floating with few lifeboats and almost no food or water. The Navy learned of the sinking when survivors were spotted four days later by the crew of a PV-1 Ventura on routine patrol. Only 317 survived.〔U.S.S. Indianapolis Memorial, Indianapolis, Indiana〕 ==Construction== (詳細はUnited States Navy following the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922, following the two vessels of the ordered in 1926 and the six of the ordered in 1927. Ordered for the U.S. Navy in fiscal year 1930. ''Indianapolis'' was originally designated as a light cruiser, because of her thin armor, and given the hull classification symbol CL-35. She was reclassified a heavy cruiser, because of her 8-inch guns, with the symbol CA-35 on 1 July 1931, in accordance with the London Naval Treaty. As built, the ''Portland''-class cruisers were designed for a standard displacement of , and a full-load displacement of . However, when completed, she did not reach this weight, displacing . The ship had two distinctive raked funnels, a tripod foremast, and a small tower and pole mast aft. In 1943, light tripods were added forward of the second funnel on each ship, and a prominent Naval director was installed aft. The ship had four propeller shafts and four Parsons GT geared turbines and eight White-Forster boilers. The gave a design speed of She was designed for a range of at . She rolled badly until fitted with a bilge keel. The cruiser had nine Mark 9 8"/55 caliber guns in three triple mounts, a superfiring pair fore and one aft. For anti-aircraft defense, she had eight 5"/25 caliber guns and two QF 3 pounder Hotchkiss guns. In 1945, she received 24 Bofors 40mm guns, arrayed in six quad mounts. Both ships were upgraded with 19 Oerlikon 20 mm cannons.〔 No torpedo tubes were fitted on her. ''Portland''-class originally had armor for deck and side protection, but in construction they were given belt armor between (around the magazines) and in thickness. Armor on the bulkheads was between and ; that on the deck was , the barbettes , the gunhouses , and the conning tower . ''Portland''-class cruisers were outfitted as fleet flagships, with space for an admiral and his staff. The class also had two aircraft catapult amidships. They could carry four aircraft. The total crew varied, with a regular designed complement of 807, a wartime complement of 952, which could increase to 1,229 when the cruiser was a fleet flagship. ''Indianapolis'' was laid down by New York Shipbuilding Corporation on 31 March 1930. The hull and machinery were provided by the builder. ''Indianapolis'' was launched on 7 November 1931 and commissioned on 15 November 1932. She was the second ship named for Indianapolis, Indiana following the cargo ship of the same name in 1918. She was sponsored by Lucy Taggart, daughter of former Mayor of Indianapolis Thomas Taggart. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「USS Indianapolis (CA-35)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|